Archive for June, 2008

How $ 5000 was Turned into $ 30000 in 4 Days of Forex Trading

By Mary McArthur

Many times this type of article heading is created for hype to promote a particular Forex trading strategy or Expert Advisors system (Automatic Forex Trading).

When this achievement is done by a very experienced and conservative trader with nothing to sell or promote or nothing to prove to anybody in particular, one has to investigate further.

A Forex broker statement is available detailing these trades. After studying this Forex trading Broker statement it is amazing that there were only 5 trades using only one currency (the GBPJPY). Most traders would not believe that a 500% return can be generated with only 5 successful deals.

The exceptional results were achieved is 2 ways.

The trader used a high probability forex trading system which stacked the odds very firmly in the traders favour. This is a bit like gambling but in this case being the Casino so you can stack the odds in your favour.

The second most important aspect was that the trader used a money management system which allowed exponential growth on the trading account.

The money management system works like this. You risk the maximum amount of your forex trading account on each trade. Now this sounds absolutely suicidal. Remember that the margin you have to allocate to each deal is returned to you after the deal. This happens even if the deal is positive or negative. So you can never wipe out you account in a hurry. In most cases you can get more back as a return of margin from your Forex Broker than you may have lost.

Using this Forex Trading money making method means you lose slowly but gain exponentially. So how does the method work? You simply add up your margin requirements (Say $100), your stop loss (Say $50). This gives you the capital required to trade one lot of your proposed deal ($150). So let us assume you have $1500 in your account. That means you can trade 10 lots in your proposed deal ($1500 divided by $150). Let also assume that your target is 60 pips ($60).

If the deal goes well you will increase your account by $600 to $2100. You can now trade many more lots on your next trade. If your deal goes bad your account will decrease by $450 to $1050. You will now not be able to trade as many lots for your next deal. Using this system you loose slowly and gain quickly (a bit like watching your body weight).

That is exactly the method this trader used to increase the trading account by 500% using only 5 trades. Another important fact is that $5000 only represented 5% of the traders total trading capital. So although this looks like very aggressive trading the trader could only lose 5% of the trading capital available after a series of negative trades.

Hopefully you found this educational and of interest to your Forex trading. Try this approach on your demo account. You will be amazed at the results.

About The Author

Go to http://www.forextradersupportservices.com/GRIDSystem.html for the Forex statement showing the 500% transactions and do the free Forex Course on Maximum lot trading available at http://www.forextradersupportservices.com/Maxlotcourse/RequestsMaxlot.html .

How to Handle Your Money While Doing Forex Trading

By Amit Kheterpal

Now if you are a new forex trader then your best bet as always is to manage your money in a correct way. Bad money management can ruin you chances of making success out of your forex trading foray. There are literally thousands of people who venture into the world of currency trading but then beat a hasty retreat as they do not have good money management practices and hence lose their money very quickly.

Here are a few tips that can be very helpful while take a leap into the dungeons of the currency trading with little or no knowledge. I will call them rules for the trade each and every time you do those trades.

Always make sure that you have a put a limit on the number of dollars you want to trade or for that matter what will be the size of the trade. The other way to say this is to tell that how many trades you can leave open at any given point of time. In forex markets leverage plays a big role so make sure that your leverage does not exceed 10% of the entire account. By this I mean that you will only trade for $20 if you have $200 in your account. This is known as pip value and you should try to restrict it to $ 2 for $2000 account. I am reasonably sure that this will help you in your currency trading.

Now make a ground rule about how much you are wiling to accept as risk and stop your losses when that threshold is reached which means that when you trade plan ahead and effective planning is key to success. Set a limit for your stop loss so that you do not lose money fast or infinitely and set a limit to your profit too as that will help in narrowing the risk bandwidth.

So plan ahead and plan for both loss and profit.

Manage your risk and manage it to la level of 2% per trade.

Do not over leverage your money.

Remember it is easier to get swayed when you are making money and throw caution to winds but the fact is that will only decrease you chances of success in the long run. Strategize as if you are in marathon and not in a 100 meter dash. That is the key to your success in the forex markets.Remember money management will also help in every aspect of the forex trading including reaping in the profits and also maximizing them.

About The Author

The author has been through beginners forex trading trials and tribulations and he has evolved a mantra for success for beginners learning forex trading. He ahs a website for the same http://www.beginnersforextrading.info

Starting A Successful Investment Club

By Jules Hawk

There are a few general and commonsense rules to follow to ensure a successful start and outcome for a new Investment Club. Usually a club will start with a group of friends and family and it is important to outline to all members what is involved and what the club guidelines are and to ensure that all members participate in the creation of the club structure and have input to decisions.

One of the biggest mistakes that a lot of new club founders make is that they do not tell the club members upfront that they may lose money with the trades that they make in the beginning. Not every trade that the club will make will be a winner, and this is especially true during the first few months of the club. Since many of the investment clubs which are created do not have many members who are familiar with making stock trades, it is a learning process for the majority of the club members. It is essential to inform potential
members before they join that the money they put up for investment should be money that they can stand to lose, and not suffer any hardship because of the loss. This being a general rule for all investment with any risk.

In discussing money, it is necessary to make sure everyone agrees upon what the contribution will be for each member on a monthly basis. The amount of the monthly contribution should not be more than what any one member can afford to put in monthly. If all of your members but one can afford to put $100 into the club account, and the one can only put $75 into the club account monthly, then everyone should only put $75 into the club account. Then all members are on an equal footing. All monthly contributions must be equal to sustain the equality of the group and its integrity. The most common monthly contribution amount used for investment groups is $20 per month, but each group decides the parameters for the club.

Make the club official by drawing up a partnership agreement and have everyone who wants to be a member of the club sign the agreement. It is crucial to the success of the club for everyone to know what is expected of each individual, and the group as a whole. By having a signed membership agreement and a copy given to each member, potential disagreements can be largely avoided.

Do not try to start with a large investment group. Having too many members can cause many problems, such as a greater risk for arguments and fragmentation of the group. For the group to work as a team, requires a team of a manageable level of no more than fifteen. Most investment clubs do not exceed 10 members.

Starting your own investment club should not be something which makes you nervous or causes undue concerns. Concentrate on starting with people you know and trust and create a group that can get together and have fun, and you will see that your club will be a huge success, with lots of learning and lots of enjoyment.

Finding the perfect members for an Investment Club -
After the decision to start an Investment Club, the next step is to get together a cohesive group of people as members. Without members, there is no club! It is beneficial if the members know each other, and it is also important to have a group of people who get along with one another.
People who are going to fuss and argue every time you hold a club meeting will be best avoided. By picking wisely, you will have club members who can agree easily with one another which is a crucial element in a successful club.

When a club is just beginning, it is an option to advertise for members if necessary, but once the club has actually been formed, then to add new members later would be done by member referrals only. It is also possible to find initial members online by going to certain investment web sites which allow you
to post messages stating that you are interested in starting an investment club.

Also, when starting a group, an important criteria is to you recruit members with similar financial goals so that the group unity is not threatened by arguments later about the direction in which the group needs to go. It is wise to get members who all can agree on a certain amount to be invested on a monthly basis. Since all profits will be split equally, it is only fair that everyone contribute the exact same amount of investment cash every month.

The members chosen to recruit should be easily able to contribute the agreed upon monthly contribution. They should also be able to do their part of the research which is required in being a member of an investment club. Arguments will ensue if any members are not pulling their weight doing the research or making the monthly contribution.

Some people choose not to use family or friends when starting their investment group. This is because they do not want to mix their money with their family relationships and friendships. If there is doubt about getting along with family members or close friends when it comes to dealing in money matters, then it may be a better option to not include them in the investment club.

Once the members and the agreement are organised, it is essential to start setting the goals for the group. The investment club will be ready to start market research and create reports of promising companies to consider for investment.

About The Author

Courtesy Jules Hawk. For helpful information on starting an Investment Club - http://www.investmentclubs.moneytreecreator.com

Fundamental Forex Analysis Explained in Plain English

By Ian Armstrong

If you”ve been trading for a while, no doubt you know that as a smart trader, you have to be able to analyze the market and predict price movements. This is true whether you trade in commodities, stocks, bonds, currency or any other type of security.

You can do analysis in two different ways. You can utilize fundamental analysis and technical analysis.

Technical analysis studies prices. Here, you want to analyze price movement history so that you can try to predict future prices.

Fundamental analysis studies a nation’’s overall economic health. This can otherwise be termed as “big picture” analysis. You focus on the strength of a nation’’s economy and how it will affect the supply and demand of its currency. This, in turn, will affect the currency’’s price.

As an example, let’’s say that the US economy is in a major positive trend. The economy is strong, so the dollar is expected to rise, and currency traders will invest great amounts in the dollar. This can be a self-fulfilling prophecy, so that the dollar increases in value.

As a concept, that’’s pretty simple, but it’’s not so easy to judge the health of the nation’’s economy. In fact, you need to consider many things. Two traders may look at the same figures and come up with entirely different interpretations of the data.

Those who focus on fundamental analysis look at a variety of economic indicators to determine how strong a particular economy is. Some of the indicators they may analyze include the unemployment rate, the interest rate, gross domestic product, and the Consumer Price Index.

Various government agencies regularly release reports on these factors, as do non-government agencies. Find the latest schedule of upcoming releases and make note of them. Keep an eye on them for a few months to see what effect if any they have on currency prices.

One thing you should keep in mind is that it’’s often not the numbers in a report that carry the greatest impact, but the relation of the numbers to what was forecasted.

Put another way, if interest rates rise, this may not have a significant impact if forecasters were indeed expecting it. However, if they weren”t expecting it, and they expected interest rates to remain steady or fall, an unexpected increase may have a significant impact on currency prices.

Fundamental analysis does have a disadvantage in that it can be a little too general, a little too “big picture.” It’’s wonderful to predict overall economic growth and price changes that result, but you can”t usually get enough detail from it to target specific exit and entry points. This is why technical analysis is just as important, so that it can help to further refine an estimate based on a “big picture” prediction with fundamental analysis.

In conclusion, successful forex traders usually develop a trading system that’’s based on a mix of fundamental and technical “triggers” to instigate trading orders. Some, however, have been successful with using as few indicating sources as possible to determine trades - such as price-driven variables on a certain currency pair.

About The Author

Ian Armstrong is an avid Forex enthusiast.

He suggests taking a close look at Avi Frister’’s “Forex Trading Machine” for the simplest approach to predicting profitable trades, at http://www.forexshortcuts.com/sys-forex-trading-machine.php

Long Term Forex Trading v Short Term Forex Trading

By James Woolley

A lot of forex traders trade the markets several times a day or at least several times each week, but long term forex trading can be equally as profitable, if not more so. You only require one highly profitable long term position to match the hundreds of smaller positions you may take.

Short term forex trading can be highly stressful if done over a long period of time, as you”ve probably discovered if you have any experience of forex trading. You need quick fingers to trade in and out of positions and you need to make decisions quickly regarding entries and exits. You also are often faced with requotes from your broker and will often come under close scrutiny if you place a lot of short term trades with them that only last a few minutes.

Overall it is quite a stressful occupation which is why long term forex trading generally makes a lot more sense. Even if you only trade the 1 hour or 4 hour charts, you will find a noticeable difference in the amount of time you have to make trading decisions, not to mention the reliability of the technical indicators you use.

If you really want to take it one step further you can trade the very long term charts such as the daily, weekly and monthly charts. This style of trading is ideally suited to people who want to trade forex but maybe have a full-time job so don”t have the time to sit in front of a computer and monitor their positions all day.

All you need to do is wait for the right set-up to occur, enter your position and watch it unfold. Each position can last days, weeks or even months, but at least you only have to look in at the end of each day to monitor your position, and if your trading call is correct you can potentially make several thousand points profit.

As an example take a look at the monthly chart of the EUR/USD currency pair. If you used a simple EMA crossover system such as the EMA (5) crossing the EMA (20), you could have entered a long position on the last crossover (in 2006) at around 1.2500 and at the time of writing would be over 3000 points in profit.

You can look at other currency pairs and see similar results so it’’s clear that long term forex trading can be equally as profitable as short term trading, if not more so. It’’s also a lot less stressful and time-consuming. So if you”re struggling to make consistent profits from short term trading try increasing the time frame of the charts you are using, and you may well notice a big improvement in your results.

About The Author

Click on the following link for more forex tips and strategies:

http://theforexarticles.com

What Expensive Oil Means For Forex Traders

By Andrew Shiveley

This article presents the unique opportunity for long-term forex trading gains that is made possible by the worldwide increase in oil prices.

More and more we are seeing evidence of the effects that increasing oil prices are having on the economy and certain energy-dependent sectors such as airlines. Oil is already over $100, and it is projected to exceed $150 per barrel with common gas prices exceeding $6.00 per gallon.

If you are a savvy investor however, this presents for you an opportunity to make hefty and reliable gains.There is a simple currency trading strategy that has been used consistently and reliably for large gains by many traders, and it is really so simple if you understand basic economics you will feel dumbfounded that you did not think of it.

Here is the strategy in a nutshull: (Once you know the strategy then we can talk about why and how it works.) Track the price of oil and look for a day when there is a large jump up in the price of oil (the close is up $.30 or higher). Once this happens, enter into a sell order with the USD/CHF currency pair that will stay open for 12 hours - 3 days with a profit target of 25 pips or more.

If you understand just basic economics and the nature of national monetary systems then you should understand why this strategy is so effective, and why it works the best when you are trading the Swiss franc. As it exists today, the Swiss franc is literally the only currency that is backed by gold (though that will change once Nesara is passed in America) and so it is much more immune to fluctuations in the values of important commodities such as oil.

The United States dollar is a fiat currency and hence has no fiscal backing. Combine that with deep Bush-instigated national debt and an addiction to oil and you have a huge economy that is highly reactive to the price of oil. So when oil jumps, the US dollar begins to lose its footing.

Many people are fear-mongers that keep saying things like “Oh my gosh the dollar is going to collapse!” and they are dead wrong. Yes our oil addiction is a bad thing, but no there is no big collapse coming especially with Nesara just over the horizon. And even if there was something like this, the lifestyle and standard of living of most Americans would be relatively unchanged (as evidenced by the collapse of the Soviet Union where the life of the average person was virtually unaffected).

So no the dollar will not collapse any time during our lifetimes, but yes it is highly responsive to the price of oil. Switzerland is also an economy that relies on oil, but because their currency is linked to gold then they have a fiscal ”buffer” that can soften the effect that increases in oil prices will have on the franc. So high oil prices will have a profoundly lowered effect on the franc, and the effect will take longer to set in. As you should see this affords a savvy trader the 12-36 hour window where the highly responsive dollar will drop but the franc remains relatively unchanged.

When using this strategy it is probably a good idea to stick with the lower 20-30 pip profit targets because you are looking for 100% reliability and guaranteed profits, and the more money you try to ‘’squeeze out” of the market the more risky it becomes.

About The Author

Looking for free forex trading ebooks and reports? Go to http://TheCurrencyMarkets.com/forex-ebooks.htm to find a free forex ebook library.

Also try http://TheCurrencyMarkets.com/currency-trading-strategy-reports.htm for two of the most affordable and valuable forex courses around.

One Way To Use Active-Beta Strategies

By David Taggart

Active Beta is our term for a systematic passive way to enhance returns by capturing risk premia and manage risk in order to outperform your benchmark.
We have all read Triumph Of The Optimists, Pioneering Portfolio Management, and the Chicago school of thought on earning risk premia and the benefits of buy and hold. Well our team at The Macro Trader is here to outperform. We do this by combining the best of academia with the best of real world global macro traders. We diversify using multiple asset classes, strategies, and time frames. We also control risk using strict stop loss and portfolio rules so that we are never risking too much.

With those rules and procedures in place we have two basic types of trades. We have alpha and active beta trades. The alpha are there to produce absolute returns over time independent of our benchmarks. We can be long oil, short rice, long consumer staples, short technology, and long the Yen. All of these have different drivers and the research behind each one is independent of each other. Basically the research for these trades is independent of any benchmark, and are put on solely to generate alpha. Our other type of trade is active beta. These positions are typically longer term in nature and are trying to capture risk premia. We know that over the long term being long equities and fixed income generates inflation beating gains both in theory and in practice.

So why is this so special? Well buy and hold periodically has very large losses. Yes, over the long term the gains are large but in the medium term that can last ten years or more at a time it can be negative. What we have done is incorporate several long term timing models in order to help mitigate risk and improve our long term risk-to-reward ratio. Basically we are in the market when conditions are favorable and out when they are not. Doing this over time allows us to catch most of the upside gains in the market while avoiding most of the losses.

Our model allocates X% for each system that is positive on equities or fixed income. In fixed income for instance we currently have 50% of our portfolio marked towards active beta and have five systems. If one is positive we allocate 10% of the portfolio. If all five are positive we allocate the full 50%. After experimenting with several allocation procedures we have found that simpler in this case is better.

Over time using active beta along side active alpha strategies can help boost overall portfolio gains dramatically. It also helps put more money to work when you might otherwise be coming up dry for good trade ideas. Right now we run this in our fixed income and equities portfolios and in the next few months we will add in commodities and currencies as we have found multiple ways to capture the risk premia built into these markets.

About The Author

David Taggart is editor of The Macro Trader newsletter. The Macro Trader covers US Equities, Global Equities, Fixed Income, Currencies, and Precious Metals. http://www.themacrotrader.com

Currency Movements Punish Deficit Nations

By Gerald Greene

Currency movements are an accepted risk when making international payments and can have a real and significant impact on profitability and cash flow for businesses involved in international trade. Over time movements in a nations currency will largely reflect how well or how poorly as nation is managing its international trading accounts.

A nation that is importing considerably more than it is exporting will tend to have a weak currency. One needs to look no further than the current trend of the US Dollar to see how this principal works in the real world.

Currency risks for companies involved in international trade necessitate pro-active management, which in turn requires a certain level of expertise. Currency movements are not correlated to investments such as equities and bonds. Investment portfolios are thus valuable diversified by the addition of a foreign exchange component. Currency movements are momentum based. Rather than responding to standard fundamentals, a currency’’s value is in itself one of the most important fundamentals.

Foreign currency ETFs are bought and sold just like regular ETFs, throughout the day. Foreign exchange (forex) markets form the core of the global financial market, a seamless twenty-four hour structure dominated by sophisticated professional players - commercial banks, central banks, hedge funds and forex brokers - and often extremely volatile. Many investors, particularly American ones, tend to ignore currency movements, and few financial analysts are trained to analyze the details of forex markets.

Countries are trading more goods and services, an increasing number of firms now operate across national borders, and savers and borrowers have greater access than ever before to global financial markets. Over the past decade, world trade has grown twice as fast as world output, foreign direct investment three times as fast, and both currency trading and share trading about ten times as fast. This means that huge amounts of currencies are now being traded every business day. Up to three trillion dollars a day is the current estimate.

This heavy volume of trading means that no one entity, central banks included, can control the currency market. The currency market will punish those nations that manage their financial affairs poorly and it is beyond the power of the central bankers to reverse long term trends without a change in policy. Generally, under such conditions countries that are heavy users of energy and have to import a large percentage of their energy needs would experience problems in maintaining a stable currency. Market forces will overpower the limited power of the central bank and take their currency lower.

Exchange rate movements will favor surplus energy producing countries, like Russia and Canada, over energy deficit countries like the United States. You would expect a rise in the currency of the energy producing country and a decline in the currency of the energy importing country. This is a long term negative influence on the value of the US Dollar as the US is now paying through the nose for it’’s oil imports.

Fundamental analysis yields very little benefit when a market is in such a state. By definition, all that can be known is known, and is already reflected in prices. Fundamental analysis is based on the belief that there are cause-and-effect relationships that need to be understood in order for pricing anomalies to be sensibly identified and acted upon. Technical analysis is based on the assumption that past price relationships are indicative of future price relationships. Fundamental analysis is concerned with the reasons or causes for currency movements. Many Forex traders who rely on fundamental analysis plan their trading strategies around a number of key U.S. economic indicators.

Fundamentally, the US now lacks the industrial base to correct its trade imbalance. According to the Bureau of Census, roughly 25,000 manufacturing plants have been shuttered since 1998, and in recent years, because of weak market conditions, manufacturing companies have cut back on plant and equipment spending.

This does not bode well for the strength of the US Dollar no matter how many rabbits Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke tries to pull out of his magic hat.

About The Author

“Taipan” Greene is a retired forex trader, portfolio manager who worked in Asia for over 20 years. He now writes for a number of financial, political and Internet business information related blogs. One of them is at http://www.forextradingguru.info/

Profit With Currency Trading in a Declining Economy or Recession

By Andrew Shiveley

When you are discussing your financial life, it is a good idea to follow the motto of many governmental agencies such as the CIA: “Plan for the best, prepare for the worst.”

In our present economy today there are many volatile factors that may prove tumultuous for the average person’’s finances, and it is certainly a good idea to put the above motto into action by implementing a way to make money that does not rely on the stock market or economic strength. For myself and many others, trading the online currency market is the way to make a five-figure per month income that is completely independent of the state of the economy.

By its very nature, the foreign exchange (currency) market cannot experience a bear market simply because it does not function in the same way that a normal equities market does. As opposed to a normal stock index which serves as a ”barometer” for the profitability of a nation’’s economy as a whole, the currency market exists as an amalgamation of the economies of all major first-world nations, where profit is generated through arbitrage and volatility of one nation’’s currency versus another.

Success at currency trading is not rocket science; it requires basic economic principles, a lot of common sense, and some basic technical analysis. With today’’s technology and the large number of retail forex brokers that cater to individual investors, you can incorporate this new revenue generation model into your life using only your home computer and internet connection. When learning how to trade the forex market, try to focus more on the practical and pragmatic aspects that are very down-to-earth and that can be readily applied, as opposed to trying to determine the complicated economic principles that drive the global economy.

Let’’s take technical analysis as an example of this. When many people begin to learn about the principles of technical analysis (which is basically reading charts of price data to determine market entry or exit points), they will often say something along the lines of “But I don”t understand… *Why* does it work?” If you focus to much on the aspect of why the principles of technical analysis are effective for trading, you will get sucked into a line of logic that does not yield any profits.

Topics such as ”Why Technical Analysis Yields Accurate Trading Signals” can be very complex and are often the topic of research papers and Ph.D theses. Try not to get caught up in this mode of thinking, only focus on the fact the basic economic and technical principles that most new forex traders are taught DO work without philosophizing about why they work. Save that stuff for the stuck up University professors, while you devote most of your own conscious energy towards practical applications for making money from the forex market.

Basic economic principles are really the driving force behind movements in the currency market (such as the way that interest rates affect the value of a given currency), and basic technical analysis principles such as support and resistance levels serve to offer reliable entry and exit indicators that many traders follow.

Venturing into the realm of forex trading may seem a bit daunting but it can also be extremely rewarding, and it is best to focus on the proven trading strategies that consistently make profits and not get caught up on why these strategies work. Just as long as they make money, that should be enough to keep you (and your bank account) happy.

About The Author

Looking for free forex trading ebooks and reports? Go to http://TheCurrencyMarkets.com/forex-ebooks.htm to find a free forex ebook library.

Also try http://TheCurrencyMarkets.com/currency-trading-strategy-reports.htm for two of the most affordable and valuable forex courses around.

Exchange Reserves and How They Affect The Forex Market

By Justin Stewart

Also called Forex Reserves, foreign exchange reserves refer to only the foreign currency that is deposited and held by central banks and other monetary authorities. However, the more popular usage of the term “reserves” refers to not only foreign exchange, but also to gold, IMF reserve positions, and Special Drawing Rights (or SDR’’s). These are more appropriately termed as international or official reserves.

These reserves apply to the various assets in the central bank that are held in different currencies such as the United States Dollar (USD), the Euro, and the Yen. Normally, reserves are used to back a financial institution’’s liabilities in the form of the local currency as well as bank reserves that have been deposited in the central bank by other financial entities and the government.

Under the Bretton Woods system, reserves were held in gold and referred to as official gold reserves. At the time the United States allowed the dollar to be converted into gold and the expression “as good as gold” was never truer. In 1971, the US abandoned this practice and the dollar became known as a flat currency — money that has a value only because a government demands it for payment of taxes.

Over the past few decades, all other currencies have followed the United States” lead in that they have all abandoned the concept of convertibility to gold. Consequently, this has resulted in the devaluation of currencies globally. Typically, central banks hold major reserves in a variety of currencies despite the fact that the USD is still the most significant currency where forex reserves are concerned.

Where a fixed exchange rate system is concerned, central banks benefit from having reserves in that this allows them to purchase currencies in order to reduce liabilities by exchanging assets. The protection of the monetary system from shock as well as the stabilization of the currency from volatility is enabled because of reserves. Additionally, it is also a safeguard against traders that buy an asset and then quickly resell it for a profit. This is a technique that is referred to as flipping.

Large quantities of reserves are perceived to be a sign of strength because it is indicative of the backing that a currency has. During a currency crisis, low or falling reserves are normally an indicator of an imminent run on the bank and its currency. The holding of large reserves is viewed as a security measure for central banks. To an extent, this is true. However, it’’s only true if a bank can boost its currency by being able to spend those reserves.

The practice is generally seen as large-scale manipulation where the global currency market is concerned. Since 1971 when the Bretton Woods system was abandoned, some central banks have attempted doing this. In addition to this, there have been instances where multiple banks have teamed up in an attempt to manipulate currency exchange rates. It still remains unclear as to how effective the practice really is. Listed below is a chart of the monetary authorities with the largest reserves in 2008 to date.

Rank
Country/Monetary Authority
billion USD (end of month)
change in year 2007

1
China
$ 1682 (March) 1
+43.3%

2
Japan
$ 1016 (March)
+8.7%
-
Eurozone
$ 563 (March)
+16.6%

3
Russia
$ 534 (May 1) 2
+59.2%

4
India
$ 313 (May 2) 2
+64.4%

5
Taiwan(ROC)
$ 289 (April)
+2.7%

6
South Korea
$ 260 (April)
+9.7%

7
Brazil
$ 196 (May 6) 3
+105.9%

8
Singapore
$ 176 (April)
+19.1%

9
Hong Kong
$ 160 (April)
+14.6%

10
Germany
$ 150 (March)
+20.3

About The Author

Justin Stewart has used software to automatically trade the forex market allowing him to earn a living without lifting a finger, even while he sleeps. You can use the same forex software to get the same results here: http://www.SleepingForexRiches.com